第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇 The National Trust

　　The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public'. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.

　　The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's "Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.

　　In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop 'or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.

　　So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.

　　(出处：2014年职称英语教材综合类阅读判断第十四篇)

　　31. The national trust is a ____

　　A. government agency depending on voluntary service.

　　B. non-profit organization depending on voluntary service

　　C. government department but is not rich.

　　D. private organization supported by the government

　　32. The National Trust is dedicated to

　　A. preserving the best public enjoyment

　　B. providing the public with free access to historic buildings

　　C. offering better services to visitors home and abroad

　　D. protecting tho unspoiled countryside and historic buildings." n/

　　33. We can infer from paragraph 2 that Lord Lothion ____

　　A. donated all his money to the Trust

　　B. started the Country House Scheme

　　C. saved many old country houses in Britain

　　D. was influential in his time

　　34. All the following can be inferred from the passage except _____

　　A. the trust more interested in protecting the 16 century houses

　　B. many people came to visit the historic houses saved by the Trust

　　C. visitors can yet free access tu some places owned by the Trust

　　D. the Trust has a history which is longer than 80 years.

　　35. The word “invade” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

　　A. come in without permission

　　B. enter with invitation

　　C. visit in large number

　　D. appear 3'l of a sudden

　　第2篇 How we form first impression

　　We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.

　　The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals”are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层)system to determine what these new signals “mean”.

　　If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures –like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.

　　When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.

　　However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.

　　36. Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her _____

　　A. past experience

　　B. character

　　C. facial features

　　D. hobbies

　　37. If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likely to say____

　　A. “He is familiar and safe”

　　B. “He is new and potentially threatening”

　　C. “I like this person”

　　D. “This is new I don't like this person”

　　38. The word “preliminary” means ____

　　A. simplistic

　　B. stereotypical

　　C. initial

　　D. categorical

　　39. Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because _____

　　A. we neglect their depth and breadth

　　B. they are not all locks, peeks, or freaks

　　C. our thinking is similar to that of a very young child

　　D. our judgment is always wrong

　　40. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

　　A. One’s physical appearance can influence our first impression

　　B. our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain

　　C. Stereotypical impressions can be dead wrong

　　D. We should adopt mature thinking when getting to know people

　　第3篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer

　　Post-menopausal (绝经后) women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.

　　A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993, so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

　　They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women, 47%said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.

　　Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”

　　Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said: “This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”

　　She added:”We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”

　　41. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________

　　A. breathing exercise

　　B. regular walking

　　C. recreational activity

　　D. lifestyle choices

　　42. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.

　　A. women have fewer chances of physical activity

　　B. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer

　　C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk

　　D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer

　　43. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.

　　A. head of the survey study

　　B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology

　　C. chair of the American Cancer Society

　　D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign

　　44. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.

　　B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.

　　C. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women

　　D. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women

　　45. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to?

　　A. continuable

　　B. affordable

　　C. available

　　D. persistent