第4部分，阅读理解

　　Approaches to Understanding Intelligences

　　It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.

　　Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .

　　Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.

　　Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .

　　Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .

　　Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .

　　31. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A. How to understand intelligence.

　　B. The importance of intelligence.

　　C. The development of intelligence tests.

　　D. How to become intelligent.

　　32. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?

　　A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.

　　B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.

　　C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.

　　D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.

　　33. Gardner believes that ________.

　　A. children have different intelligences.

　　B. all children are alike.

　　C. children should take one intelligence test.

　　D. there is no general intelligence.

　　34. According to Gardner, schools should ________.

　　A. test students’ IQs.

　　B. train students who do poorly on tests.

　　C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.

　　D. promote development of all intelligences.

　　35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .

　　A. musical foundation.

　　B. biological foundation.

　　C. intrapersonal foundation.

　　D. linguistic foundation.

　　答案：ABADB

　　Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expression是ever invented. In movies and plays，music has an added function：it not only moves people but also can shock people.

　　Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels(分贝).Once sound exceeds this limit，even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise and harm health.A strong blast(响声) of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet.High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.

　　In movies，sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel.In nature，there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics，the sound that exceeds 20000Hz is called ultrasonic(超音波的).Dolphins，whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound.It does no harm to health.

　　Sound less than 20Hz is called infrasonic(次声)waves. When we move，the air will vibrate. The vibration of air can produce infrasonic wave.As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs，infrasonic wave may cause resonance(共振) in human bodies. As a result，people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture(断裂). However，whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low，it won't damage internal organs or a person's health. If the intensity of inf让sonic wave exceeds 160 decibels，it is extremely harmful. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea，it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present，scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.

　　36 What could be the best title of the passage?

　　A The power of music

　　B The harms of noises

　　C The magic of sound

　　D The discovery of infrasonic waves

　　37 What does the author say about music?

　　A It may be harmful to people's halth

　　B It always cheers people up

　　C It is very often difficult to understand

　　D It sounds better when it is lound enough

　　38 It is true that the sound

　　A of nature is the most beautiful

　　B over 80 decibels is harmful to people

　　C of high intensity benefits animals

　　D in movies is pleasing to the ear

　　39 An ultrasonic sound

　　A is very loud

　　B does harm to people's health

　　C cannot be heard by people

　　D is produced by the hero in movies

　　40 It can be found from the last paragraph that infrasonic waves

　　A are harmless to people's health

　　B exist in people's internal organs

　　C can be used as deadly weapons

　　D can improve eyesight

　　答案：CABCC

　　Compact Disks

　　If someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he is right in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers — a digital code.1 The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide.

　　A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player2 turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music.

　　Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune into specific signals using these codes.

　　There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on(rewritten on)as you would do with a floppy disk3. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc — Read Only Memory4. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.

　　CDs were first sold to the public in 1982　These CDs still play well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.

　　Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented5 and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs6 and playing your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs.

　　41 Music is recorded onto CDs as

　　A laser beams

　　B digital codes

　　C musical notes

　　D special sounds

　　42 E-mail is mentioned in the third paragraph to show

　　A the variety of digital communications

　　B the development of new technologies

　　C the usefulness of digital codes

　　D the relationship between communication and technology

　　43 One of the differences between CD-RWs and CD-ROMs is

　　A CD-ROMs can be used for longer time

　　B CD-ROMs cannot be rewritten on

　　C CD-RWs hold more information

　　D CD-RWs are merely used for music recording

　　44 CDs can last a long time if

　　A they are seldom used

　　B they play well and sound fine

　　C their users take good care of them

　　D they are developed with new technology

　　45 It can be inferred from the passage that

　　A CD-ROMs are more expensive than other CDs

　　B new technology for music recording is being developed

　　C the author likes listening to music

　　D flppy disks are no longer in use

　　答案：BCBCC